On Why Hobbes Is More Reasonable Than Locke - 1003 Words

keOf all the social contract theories that have been put forth, the most influential perhaps have been John Locke’s and Thomas Hobbes’. While both are Natural Law theorists, they have completely different views of man’s state of nature. John Locke thinks of man in a natural state as a peaceful, social being while Thomas Hobbes thinks of man as an aggressive and greedy man. Both theorists also showed that man doesn’t live in a state of nature, social contracts will be formed to govern the populace. It is, however, the reasons for the formation of these social contracts that are of relevance to this essay. I believe that neither of these theories are accurate depictions of man but Hobbes seems more practical in his theory than Locke. In a†¦show more content†¦Hobbes’ problem is maintenance of peace, which is essential for man to live a comfortable life, is solved by appointing an authority (the Leviathan) to ensure that this happens. The biggest argument I could draw from the argument in class was that Hobbes saw man as unable to form any relationships with another so as to achieve a common good. This, I would like to point out, is a state of nature, which I am yet to witness. Hobbes’ biggest undoing perhaps, is his infatuation with preservation of the power of the Leviathan. He says that the Leviathan has the power to punish all who undermine its authority. Elinor Ostrom’s view What I took from Ostrom’s discussion on â€Å"Economics, the State and the Third Sector† is that we should not always look to the state as the solution to all our problems. Furthermore, institutional diversity should be embraced because you cannot have a one-size-fits-all solution for some issues. Where land is a scarcity e.g. The People’s Republic of China, there is a much more urgent for land law than there is in such sparsely populated areas such as Chad’s rural lands. This part of Ostrom’s views I totally agree with. Furthermore, in her treatise, â€Å"Governing the commons†, she demonstrates man’s apathy to a state of nature, coming together to create a law that will govern their use of common property.Show MoreRelatedLocke Vs. Hobbes : Entering The Social Contract846 Words   |  4 PagesLocke vs. Hobbes: Entering the Social Contract Both Locke and Hobbes supported the idea of the social contract, yet they had vastly different theories and methods regarding how this social contract is established and what it should consist of. Their versions of the social contract stems from their differing beliefs in human nature. While Hobbes advocated that humans are inherently evil and asocial, Locke claimed humans were neither good nor evil and capable of cooperation and trust. This led LockeRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1348 Words   |  6 Pagesthese renowned English thinkers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, embodied the rising movement of using reason to make judgments on government, society, and the role of the king. Despite approaching the question of human nature with similar foundations, The State of Equality, Hobbes and Locke develop entirely opposing arguments, reflected in their position supporting and opposing an absolute monarch, respectively. Many of the most notable distinctions between Hobbes’ an d Locke’s philosophies, namely concerningRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1676 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke are social theorists who are both educated in Oxford University. However, they hold distinctive views on human nature, laws, societies, and government. Locke believes in democracy, which the power and the government are in the hands of people, but Hobbes believes in absolute monarchy, where the power and government are belong to the monarch. In this essay, I will mainly use comparison and contrast, first discuss their different opinions about human nature and laws becauseRead MoreSocial Contract Theory And The Transition From State Of Nature1599 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral public in which they live. Socrates uses something very like a social contract contention to disclose to Crito why he must stay in jail and acknowledge capital punishment. Be that as it may, social contract hypothesis is rightly connected with present day moral and politica l hypothesis and is given its first full article and guard by Thomas Hobbes. After Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the best-known defenders of this gigantically compelling hypothesis, which has been a standoutRead MoreLocke’s Political Theory1377 Words   |  6 PagesLocke had undoubtedly aimed to defend ideas that are still being debated today. Rather distinctively, Locke portrays sovereignty as belonging and residing with the people. Unlike Hobbes, we see the state of nature as consisting of equality and there is an existence of natural rights that govern behaviour. Yet, the question is to why a society may need a sovereign if the state of nature was so, arguably, peaceful in the first place. Locke argues that this is because there are bound to be some peopleRead MoreCritically Examine Hobbess Conception of the State of Nature1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of state of nature was developed by Hobbes in his famous work, Leviathan, in which he also se t out his doctrine of the foundation of states and legitimate governments which was based on his social contract theories. Leviathan was written during the English Civil War, so much of his theory concentrates on the need for the presence of a strong central authority within society in order to avoid the evils of rebellion and civil war. Hobbes developed his state of nature by contemplating whatRead MoreSocial Contract Hypothesis By John Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral public in which they live. Socrates uses something truly like a social contract contention to disclose to Crito why he must stay in jail and acknowledge capital punishment. In any case, social contract hypothesis is rightly connected with cutting edge moral and political hypothesis and is given its first full work and protection by Thomas Hobbes. After Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the best known defenders of this tremendously powerful hypothesis, which has been a s tandoutRead MoreThe Political Philosophies Of Thomas Hobbes And John Locke3805 Words   |  16 PagesThe purpose of this essay will be to thoroughly compare and contrast the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. At the surface, these two scholars seem to offer contradictory models of political order, while at the same time relying on similar views of human nature. These men published their most famous offerings, Hobbes’ Leviathan and Locke s Second Treatises of Government, during an era of developing capitalism and market mechanisms. I will discuss the role of the emerging socialRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Contract Theory2326 Words   |  10 Pagesthem. There are three main philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau that are best known for the social contract theory. In the twentieth century moral and political theory with John Rawls’ Kantian version of social contract theory and was then followed by David Gaunthier. Feminis ts and race conscious philosophers have argued that social contract theory is an incomplete picture of our moral and political lives. Thomas Hobbes political theory is best understood if you understandRead MoreThe Social Contract Theory Of Society1900 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluenced the Social Contract. Thomas Hobbes is known as the father of the Social Contract . He was the first theorist to introduce this agreement. His theory was actually published in 1651 in Leviathan during the Civil War in Britain . As time went on a theorist arose, a man named John Locke. Along with him having a different perception of the social contract theory compared to Thomas Hobbes, he also had a different view on what the state of nature was. Locke was actually the most influential theorist

Imperial Expansion Conquer Or Be Conquered - 1212 Words

Lindsay Bovshow HIST 108 David Elliott 10/27/14 Imperial Expansion: Conquer or Be Conquered Upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution, European states shifted toward increased stability after years of internal conflict. With wealth, technology, and Nationalism, the age of imperialism commenced and western expansion yielded tremendous prosperity. While some criticized imperialism for its negligible morality, no one could deny the positive outcome for the West. Numerous selections from Documents in World History show that leaders from India, Africa, and China considered imperialism destructive, recording significant despair and humiliation. However, Japan was the shining exception. It abandoned its policy of isolation, adopted western ideology, and strived to industrialize. Unlike other non-western civilizations that valued tradition, Japan was uniquely receptive to change. As a result, the small country thrived as an imperial power along with the west. Industrialization generated the level of wealth necessary for territorial conquest. European countries considered expansion an important goal because natural resources were not as plentiful as the fertile lands abroad. Leaders were unsatisfied with traditional methods of trade. Protective taxes curtailed profits and it was soon realized that resources could be further exploited with complete ownership of territories. In The Rise of Our East African Empire, Captain F.D. Lugard insisted that Britain must be held accountableShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Comparative Strength Of Rome1038 Words   |  5 Pagesineffective government made far off conquest difficult and led to far less expansion than Rome. Sumeria did trade, but with less expansion came less interaction with other peoples. Rome expanded and traded with people all across the western world. When Sumeria did expand or conquer territory, it would force the rules of the lands to pay tributes, leaving the people angry and unhapp y with outside rule. The Romans made sure than conquered people understood that Rome was now firmly in control, but this couldRead MoreThe Various Structures Of Empires And Global History1650 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding empires and imperial rules are fundamental understanding the reasons why and how certain events transpired. Beginning with a brief introduction of empires, including the general reasons empires expanded and how. Following the definition of empires, we will use the various social, political, and economic structures of empires to discuss how the slave trade, industrial revolution, and the scramble for Africa were a have a causal relationship with empires and imperial rule. Empires useRead MoreCompare And Contrast Rome And Han Empire1342 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful in their expansion throughout their respected parts of the world. Although both ran a very similar government, both successful civilizations did so using different methods. The Han would govern using imperial rule in addition to the Analects of Confucianism to run their political ideology. The Han Dynasty would eventually even change the text of the Analects per how they ruled through the original tablets. The Roman Empire would also use their religion of the Imperial Cult, worshippingRead MoreThe Differences Between The Assyrians And The Middle East1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthree different articles, we will see if they fit the criteria for what would have been known as an Empire, or if they fit into what would be known as a kingdom. First a little back story on the Assyrians, they existed between 911 and 609 BC. Its expansion and coverage over most of the Middle East is astoundin g. It eclipsed a large chunk of Babylonia and Egypt. Making it appear to have been an Empire just by looking at the way it expanded. While it does look like an empires form of growth, there needsRead MoreThe Major Development Of The Persian Empire1695 Words   |  7 PagesCyrus’ vision of creating an unstoppable empire. Therefore this opened a lot of possibilities for Cyrus and his army as they planned to conquer these regions of Asia Minor. There were many reasons as to why Cyrus was so successful and the main reason was his ability to be so humble and welcoming to his enemies. Through his strength in military command, imperial administration, and respect for his people he forged an Empire that became one of the strongest powers in Asia Minor. Media was one ofRead MoreHis112The Roman Republic And Imperial Rome Matrix Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material The Roman Republic and Imperial Rome Matrix Complete the matrix below by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Roman Republic 509–27 BCE As the Romans traveled on many conquests they came in contact with some highly developed cultures, especially the Greek lifestyleRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributed to the conquering of the whole of Africa by EuropeanRead MoreDbq Causes of Wwii1581 Words   |  7 PagesDBQ: Causes of WWII During the period previous to World War II causes that led to World War II included German attempt of imperialism in Europe, pro-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion, and ignoring con-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion. Documents1, 3, and 4 support the idea that one of the causes that led to World War II included Germany’s attempt of imperialism. Document 1, an excerpt from Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, explains some of Hitler’s ideasRead MoreThe Three Major Empires Essay examples1016 Words   |  5 Pagesreverse â€Å"domino theory.† The Romans felt that each state outside its rule posed a threat. To the south Rome formed alliances with Campania. The Latin city-states encircled by these alliances felt threatened and opposed Roman expansion, but in 338 B.C.E they were conquered by the Romans in the â€Å"Latin wars.† In 340 B.C.E Campania attempted to annul their affiliation to Rome they were subdued by Roman forces. In less than a century the Romans dominated the northern part of the Italian PeninsulaRead MoreThe Factors Of Economics Was Or Was Not The Primary Reason For British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 Pages The idea of expansion and migrating to other territories in search of quest and conquer has been prevalent in history time period after time period. There were the powerful militaries who came to a territory and conquered and prospered in wealth because of their strength and power. While there were other groups have failed to do such task. As time went on historians defined the task of extended a country s power through force of diplomacy or military power as imperialism. Imperialism has been the

The Potential Refugees Offer Australia - Analytical Essay

Time to embrace the potential refugees offer Australia – Analytical Essay Following Australian Immigration Minister Peter Dutton’s comments on the ‘danger’ of ‘uneducated and illiterate’ refugees and immigrants being accepted into Australia, debate resurfaced regarding the issue of asylum seekers and immigrants in general, and whether refugees deserved to be resettled in Australia. In an opinion piece for The Age newspaper, Kon Karapanagiotidis argues that Peter Dutton’s claims are false and that on the contrary, refugees and immigrants have much to contribute to Australian society. His arguments are fashioned in a heavily emotive tone, and overall the piece is compelling and compassionate while also heatedly opposing Dutton’s views. The author’s first argument highlight’s his contention with its message of the values immigrants bring to Australia regardless of their education. Karapanagiotidis utilises emotive language very heavily when relaying the ‘sacrifices’ and ‘grief’ his grandma and parents endured when immigrating and settling in Australia to evoke a sense of sympathy for them specifically from the audience. The use of a personal story is used almost as evidence to support his contention, and the audience takes it as so. To then evoke respect for his relatives, Karapanagiotidis talks of how his parents were viewed as ‘uneducated’, yet insists they had ‘resilience, love of community, principles, sacrifice, entrepreneurship, selflessness and courage’, which theShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.1638 93 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Socratic Methods - 2046 Words

Plato: The Republic (Book II) Glaucon to Socrates: How do you classify things we call good? 1. Do you think that there are some which we would gladly have, not for their consequences, but because we appreciate them for their own sake; as, for example, enjoyment and those harmless pleasures which produce no further effects beyond the mere pleasurable experience? 2. There are some which we prize both for themselves and for their consequences as, for example, thought and sight and health. These and similar good things we appreciate for twofold reason. 3. Do you recognize a third class of good things, which includes gymnastic exercises, the undergoing of medical treatment, the practice of medicine, and the†¦show more content†¦Question: pg. 36 - # 361 about the unjust man Question: pg. 37 to top of pg. 38 - #362 â€Å" For it is the unjust man in reality, they will say, who, as his practice is akin to truth and his life not ruled by appearances, desires not to seem but to be unjust† and then Glaucon talks about semblance of justice. Adeimantus to Socrates: For parents and all who have any one to care for, when they exhort their children and say that it is right to be just, do not praise justice itself, but the reputation it brings. Their desire is that their children may seem just, and may thus obtain the rewards that reputation brings to the just man- offices of state and advantageous marriages. Adeimantus: Unjust deeds, they say are on the whole more profitable than just. They have no hesitation in pronouncing wicked men happy if they are rich and powerful, or in giving them honours, both public and private; while they dishonour or slight all who are weak and poor, though they acknowledge them to be the better men. The stories they tell of the attitude of the gods towards virtue are the most astonishing of all. They say that the gods have actually given misfortunes and a life of sorrow to many good men, and the opposite to many evil. Mendicant priests and soothsayers go the round of rich men’s doors and persuade them that they have power from the gods, whereby, if any sin has been committed by a man or his ancestors, they can heal it by charmsShow MoreRelatedThe Flaws of the Socratic Method1798 Words   |  8 PagesThe Flaws of the Socratic Method In Plato’s Republic, as well as in most of his other works, the philosopher writes dialogues between the character of his mentor, Socrates, and various figures meant to illustrate contradictory positions. He carefully scripts the engagements in a form of discussion now called the Socratic Method, where Socrates critiques the positions of the other characters in order to find flaws in inaccurate arguments. Although this method is prevalent even today, I will makeRead MoreThe Socratic Method Essays975 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose as a philosopher, eventually concluding that he has the kind of wisdom that each of them lacks: an awareness of their ignorance. His goal is to help individuals achieve self-awareness – self- knowledge – even if it turns ugly in character. His method of questioning can be personal in the struggle to understand everything. He speaks that the great issues of life and virtue in part are necessarily valuable. Socrates states that he is on trial for heresy concerning the youth of that time, for encouragingRead MoreThe Socratic Method And Nietzsche s Objections1390 Words   |  6 Pages The Socratic Method and Nietzsche’s Objections In Plato’s apology, the story is told of how Chaerephon, friend of Socrates, went to the temple at Delphi to ask the oracle a question pertaining to the wisdom of Socrates, and how it compares to the rest of the men on earth. â€Å"He asked if any man was wiser than I, and the Pythian replied that no one was wiser† (Plato). This response was very confusing to Socrates because he recognized that he was not wise at all, and it troubled him for some timeRead MoreSocratic Method: a Superior Approach793 Words   |  4 Pageswhich theory is more effective. After analyzing Meno’s theory of examining virtue by discussing its qualities and Anytus’ refusal to discuss ideas like virtue, it is clear that the most efficient method is Socrates’ theory of recollection. Socrates’ theory of recollection, also known as the Socratic Method, is based on the idea that our soul is immortal and has already experienced everything. Because of this we already know everything and the only thing left is to find a way to recollect the informationRead MoreSocratic Method Of Socrates1262 Words   |  6 Pagesconverse with ultimately forcing them to confront their own lack of knowledge through employing various methods of teaching. The first approaches Socrates used when discussing philosophical topics were the Socratic Method, in which he asked his interlocutor questions in order to determine their knowledge of a topic and not allowing them to provide examples but rather a clear definition. His method forced them to explore the topics down to the roots of what they thought they knew until they were forcedRead MorePlato s The Socratic Method2253 Words   |  10 Pageson Socrates Theories, or the Socratic method, while his later works focused on his own la ws and Xenophon s Hiero. Some of Plato s dialogues include the Meno, Symposium, Republic, and the Phaedo. The Socratic method is a form of inquiry and discussion between individuals based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to generate ideas. This paper is going to focus on a few of Plato s earlier works and how they incorporate the Socratic method, versus his later works thatRead MorePhilosophy1687 Words   |  7 Pagesperceives it through sight which is perceived through your senses and not from memory. With philosophical skepticism it questions whether we are certain of something. â€Å"A solution to skipping skepticism is to accept both distinctions and to produce a method for distinguishing mere beliefs from knowledge (class handout)†. Skepticism requires the distinction between true belief and knowledge. The appearance-reality distinction can be explained in Book VII of the Republic in which Plato presents his â€Å"TheRead MoreQuestions On World Philosophy By Plato, Maria Montessori, And John Dewey1276 Words   |  6 Pagesadaptation of a person based on their environment. This is an example of the Socratic dialog laid out by Plato. Plato was a philosopher and educator whom believed that education was the key to society. As a student, I realize how my education was impacted by philosophers such a Plato, Montessori, and Dewey. As a future teacher, it is my responsibility to decide which philosophies of education I believe and which methods I would use to impact my students. For this reason, I am going to explore threeRead MoreEuthyphro, by Plato886 Words   |  4 Pagesmethodologies of attaining this knowledge that makes him so mesmerizing. This methodology is referred to as Socratic irony, in literature. In any case, I will introduce the argument that Platos Euthyphro is extremely indicative of this type of methodology, for the reason being that: Socratess portrays a sense of intellectual humility. I will begin by, imposing the distinction between Socratic irony, and the one that is more familiar. As mentioned in the preceding section. The basic irony is simplyRead MoreAnalysis Of Nineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell1687 Words   |  7 Pagesarranged in a small circle with an outer circle, for this purpose, the class was participating in a Socratic circle. In a more student-based activity for the class period, Ms. Coppola allowed the students a decent amount of control over the discussions’ directions. The students had a â€Å"Do Now† question when they first walked into the door before the Socratic circles began. This was a text based Socratic circle, using the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. One group went first in the inner circle

The Confidential Secrets of 5th Grade Argumentative Essay Samples Discovered

The Confidential Secrets of 5th Grade Argumentative Essay Samples Discovered Choosing 5th Grade Argumentative Essay Samples Is Simple These varieties of essays need thorough research as you'll want to defend your stand. Click the one that you like to see the most. When looking where to purchase argumentative essays, you have probably already run into number of different sites that provide similar services and even checked their sample essays. You've sought out a service from where you are able to buy argumentative essay samples and now you need to acquire the absolute most out of it that you're able to. The Honest to Goodness Truth on 5th Grade Argumentative Essay Samples Be aware that excerpt is a fancy word for a brief piece taken from a lengthier work. This way our authors will have the ability to plunge in the context of discussion you're in and deliver original and subject-oriented piece. It's fine to jot down simple suggestions and sentence fragments. 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Marketing Opportunities for Analytics and Advertising Industry

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Opportunities for Analytics and Advertising Industry. Answer: The codes of practice provided the information about the standard which has been set under the work health and safety laws. It helps to recognize the better ways to achieve the work health and safety through the application of the law. It is only applicable for the Australia where the person works under any company or any organization. The court also takes evidence though the application of the code of practices. The mandatory codes always establish the minimum standards of protection towards the consumer where it always applicable for the regulation for the unfair trading law and it always enforceable. The voluntary codes always showed the self regulation of industry where it can be making them associated with the industry. Sometimes it also forms the partnership with a government agency (Australia and Authority 2014). It helps to collect and control the personal information through the online and online marketing channels where the code is always a platform, channel and technology neutral. The ADMA code of practice also helps in increase of community trust and consumer confidence in the marketing, media, analytics and advertising industry (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). The Competition Law which has been enforced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has been formed for a fair trading in the business and consumers. The Australian Consumer Law has provided the frameworks for the enforcement of unfair contract terms, product safety laws, consumer rights guarantees and unsolicited consumer agreements. The Australian Intellectual Property laws has been framed for the enforcement on the trade mark protection, patent protection, design protection, registering a domain name and copyright protection laws in Australia. The Corporation Act 2001(Cth) has been framed for providing the requirements of financial products and services to all the organization in Australia. The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 has provided the duty of care to the health and safety of the staff, customers and the general public in any organization (Armstrong et al. 2014). Direct marketing is process of formation where advertising has been introduced by the organization where they contact or communicate directly with the client. It could be through the phone, messaging, websites, emails, database marketing, through television or magazine or newspaper. The direct mail services have been operated for the promotion of the business and the products. It is a form of marketing. The telemarketing process defines where the organization communicates directly with the customers through telephonic conversation for giving information about the products and promoted (Australia and Authority 2014). Telemarketing always makes the implication of the communication through a well planned and accurate of services. The Email marketing is another form of communication which is easy and cost effective way to reach to the valued customers for the promotion of the products and selling those. The SMS marketing is a way of communication for reach the individual customers which are also cost worthy of direct marketing (Armstrong et al. 2014). The advantages to an organization of having broad marketing mix are it helps in the promotion of acceptance of new products by increasing the brand images. It also helps to identify the customers through the behavior, characteristics and personality. The flexibility of changing trends also depends in broad marketing. When organizations planned for target marketing then it provided the preference to the key customers which also focused on the customer needs, solve their problems or help them in some way. The disadvantages to an organization of having broad marketing mix are it makes decrease the value of the products. More it will longer for the promotion, it will decreasing the value of the product every day. In the broad marketing the organization changes the price promotion which can affect on the brand equity and the valuable asset that a company will be destroyed. The customer always bargains in the broad marketing after the promotion is over (Reino and Hay 2016). The marketing opportunities can be evaluated through several processes. It could be strategic which helped to identify the goals and tactical which provided the action to get or achieve the goals in marketing. It should be measurable because without the measures u=it never be controlled. It must be vague because when the goal is identified then it should have a proper strategies and tactics to achieve. It should be actionable rather than contingent because the actions only describes whether the strategies has been applied or not through the application of different tactics (Armstrong et al. 2014). When it has been achieved it must support on the dependent upon uncontrollable outside forces. They must be clearly articulated because it is not possible to describe and understand the strategies to the employees but they can help to achieve the success. The marketing opportunities should be achievable rather than inspirational because it is necessary to hold an inspirational vision because there is no wrong (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) is a statutory authority which has given by the Australian Government for the protection of the food industry for the Australian Government Health portfolio. FSANZ develops best food standards for Australia and New Zealand. The code is applicable for the state and territory departments, agencies and local councils in Australia; the Ministry for Primary Industries in New Zealand and the Australian Department of Agriculture and Water Resources for food imported into Australia (Regulations 2013). This code basically covers the standards of the food safety and the hygiene of the food products. It also sets the appropriate premises for the food industries. Under the FSANZ the labeling, composition and advertising of food are also controlled in Australia. it also helps to develop the codes of conducts with the collaboration with the food industry for establish the framework. The Standard 3.2.2 has set out a specific management legal framework which works with the receipt, storage, processing, display, packaging, transportation, disposal and recall of food in Australia. The food expert sets the standards of the foods. It is necessary that the food controllers must have enough knowledge and skills to manage the food issues on the food industry. They supervise the quality of the food and the proportionate of the food products whether it will not make any bad affect on the human body. The basic importance of the FSANZ is to work with the hygiene of the food organization which includes cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance of every equipment of the food industry. The food experts always make sure that they should ensure the quality of food whether those are safe for the human body or not (Regulations 2013). The other common laws and legislations which are applicable for the food industry are Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) - enforced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW) - enforced by the NSW Fair Trading Weights and measures - enforced by the National Measurement Institute The Corporation Act 2001 (CTH) which has enforced for the basis structures of any corporation or industry. In some state they have their own legislations like in Queensland which are Food Regulation 2016 for the display of license details by mobile premises, licensable food businesses, isolation of contaminants in food and fees for applications. The Food Production Safety Act 2000 helps to production of primary produce for which a food safety scheme applies, as detailed in the Food Production (Safety) Regulation 2014. Reference Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Australia, W. and Authority, M.R., 2014. Strategic Plan 2014-2018. Department of Local Government and Communities. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015. Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013. International marketing. Cengage Learning. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014. Marketing research (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Regulations, P., 2013. Australian Dairy Industry. Reino, D. and Hay, B., 2016. The use of YouTube as a tourism marketing tool.

Living Organism Exists In Two Different Form-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Living Organism Exists In Two Different Form? Answer: Introducation Living organism exists in two different forms. They are either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Eukaryotic organisms are livings that contain cells which its genetic material is DNA, and its enclosed in the nucleus. Apart from that, their cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. They include all the living organisms apart from the eubacteria and archaea bacteria (Kryukov, et.al 2012).Prokaryotic on the other hand are microscopic organisms which lack a nucleus and a distinctive cell membrane on its cells. They are two groups either as eubacteria or as Archaeans. The archaeans according to research are more similar and related to the eukaryotic than the eubacteria. There are key characteristics that divide organisms as either eukaryote or as a prokaryote. These essential components include; availability of cell nucleus. Prokaryotes lack the cell nucleus while the eukaryotes have the cell nucleus which has the function of controlling all the activities of the cell. In addition to that, eukaryotes on their cells, they have a cell membrane that encloses and protects the cell while the prokaryotes lack the cell membrane (Ben-Shem, et.al 2012). Another characteristic is the mode of reproduction; the prokaryotes lack the sexual reproduction technique, the reproduce through binary fusion while the eukaryotes have the sexual reproduction method hence they reproduce sexually (Lwe Amos, 2009). Furthermore, the transcription occurrence and location where it takes place is another key characteristic that divides the organisms. This is because, in prokaryotes, transcription is conducted in the cell cytoplasm while in the eukaryotes, the transcription proce ss takes place inside the cell nucleus (Igarashi Kashiwagi, 2012). The other key characteristic is the availability of the cytoplasmic streaming process. They prokaryotic group of organisms lack this process in their cells while the eukaryotic organisms this process exists. Another characteristic that divides organisms is the availability of the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus; the prokaryote organisms lack this two organelles while the eukaryote has this organelle. This is thus the common and essential characteristics which help in dividing of organisms as either prokaryote or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes exist in two groups. These groups are eubacteria and archaea. This two group of prokaryote differ due to the different feature they both have. The key characteristics that divide the prokaryote as either a eubacteria or archaea are as follows; some ribosomal RNA. Archie has three ribosomal RNA polymerases; this is like the eukaryote which has the similar number while the eubacteria have only one ribosomal RNA (Gupta, 2010). This makes the two group of prokaryote differ. Management key characteristic is the availability of peptidoglycan on the cell wall. This substance encloses the cell and also acts as a protective agent to the cells. The peptidoglycan contains hydrocarbons thus offering protection. The archaea have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan while eubacteria lack it. In addition to that, archaea have a membrane that encloses the lipids. This membrane is also made up of hydrocarbons and not fatty acids. The eubacteria lack this, their membrane is formed of ester linkages, and this is also another essential characteristic that divides the organisms in the group of prokaryotes. Another key feature between the two groups that differentiate them is the physical and geochemical conditions where the archaea can survive under extreme conditions hence they are called extremophiles. While the eubacteria are not able to survive under extreme conditions, they only survive under mild conditions (Sorek, et.al 2008). The other characteristic that divides the two group is genetic and biochemical reaction ways. The two groups have a different genetic makeup and also the react differently to the antibiotics. This makes the two group different. The evidence and research that have been provided by biological researchers have indicated that archaeans are more similar to eukaryotes than either is to eubacteria. The following evidence proof this claim; the number of ribosomal RNA which are three in number are similar to those of eukaryotes which are also three in number. Also, the number of RNA polymerase are the same between the two groups (Kurland, et.al 2006). The ribosome of both the archaea and eukaryotes functions the same way where both have a work of producing both the large and small subunits of proteins. The mechanism and the process between the two groups are similar where all the steps are the same (Zimmer, 2009). Another evidence that shows this close relatedness is that the two groups have been found to possess same genes and also have similar metabolic pathways. Where the archaea use DNA polymerases as a starting point for the replication of chromosomes the same way as eukaryotes. On the pathway similarity, they both generate energy in the form of ATPS. References Ben-Shem, A., de Loubresse, N. G., Melnikov, S., Jenner, L., Yusupova, G., Yusupov, M. (2011). The structure of the eukaryotic ribosome at 3.0 resolution. Science, 334(6062), 1524-1529. Gupta, R. S. (2011). Origin of sidearm (Gram-negative) bacteria: antibiotic selection pressure rather than endosymbiosis likely led to the evolution of bacterial cells with two membranes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 100(2), 171-182. Igarashi, K., Kashiwagi, K. (2010). Characteristics of cellular transport in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(7), 506-512. Kryukov, K., Sumiyama, K., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., Saitou, N. (2012). A new database (GCD) on genome composition for eukaryote and prokaryote genome sequences and their initial analyses. Genome biology and evolution, 4(4), Kurland, C. G., Collins, L. Penny, D. (2006). Genomics and the irreducible nature of eukaryote cells. Science, 312(5776), 1011-1014. Lwe, J., Amos, L. A. (2009). Evolution of automotive filaments: the cytoskeleton from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The international journal of biochemistry cell biology, 41(2), 323-329. Sorek, R., Kunin, V., Hugenholtz, P. (2008). CRISPRa widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 6(3), 181-186. Zimmer, C. (2009). On the origin of eukaryotes. Science, 325(5941), 666-668.